Mystery AtlasCodex Escalada
A small parchment sheet bearing a date corresponding to 1548 and depicting the Guadalupe apparition, which surfaced from a private collection in 1995; its purported authenticating signature of the chronicler Bernardino de Sahagun is disputed by historians including Stafford Poole.
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Theories & Explanations
Codex Escalada contradicts Tilma Human-Painted-Image Theory — Would imply the apparition narrative and Juan Diego were already attached to the image well before the 1556 inquiry, complicating a purely later human-painted account; the document's authenticity is itself contested.
People
Codex Escalada supports Juan Diego — If genuine, the 1548-dated document naming Juan Diego would predate the 1556 inquiry by eight years; its own authenticity is separately disputed.