Falsifiability Criterion
Karl Popper's proposed solution to the demarcation problem: a claim is scientific only if it makes predictions specific enough that some possible observation could, in principle, prove it false. Widely used in practice, including throughout this site's own source-evaluation standards, but not treated by philosophers of science as a complete or final solution.
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Theories & Explanations
Falsifiability Criterion was criticised by Paradigm-Shift Critique of Falsifiability.
People
Falsifiability Criterion was authored by Karl Popper — Proposed in Logik der Forschung, 1934 (translated 1959 as The Logic of Scientific Discovery).
Concepts & Beliefs
Falsifiability Criterion attempts to explain Demarcation Problem — The most widely used practical criterion, though philosophers of science do not treat it as a complete or final solution to the demarcation problem.