Religionmid-19th century – 1920s peak
Spiritualism
A religious and social movement, at its height from the mid-19th century to the 1920s, centred on the belief that the dead can communicate with the living, typically through mediums; Arthur Conan Doyle was its most prominent public champion in the 1920s.
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Spiritualism was popularised by Arthur Conan Doyle.
Spiritualism was criticised by Harry Houdini.